Descriptive cross-sectional study of food sales points and advertising around public elementary schools in General San Martín City Argentina.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.27.4.1981Keywords:
Food Publicity, Marketing, Access to Healthy Foods, Child, Food environment, Obesogenic environmentAbstract
Introduction: The high prevalence of overweight and unhealthy eating habits in the school population of Argentina requires an analysis of school environments. The aim was to characterize the availability of food outlets and food advertising around public elementary schools in General San Martín City (GSM), Buenos Aires Province.
Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. All public schools in GSM were included. The characteristics of the points of foods sale and advertising in a 100-meter radius around each school were described using the Google® Street View tool. Food advertisements were categorized according to the Dietary Guidelines for the Argentine Population of 2016 (GAPA).
Results: In the environment of the 57 schools analyzed, 242 food points of sale were identified, of which 85.1% were unhealthy, 38.4% of which corresponded to kiosks. A total of 63.6% of the points of sale were located in the central zone, followed by the southeast (19.4%) and northwest (16.9%). A total of 446 foods advertisements were found, 54.7% of which corresponded to advertisements visualizing the brand and product image, 98.2% were located at the point of sale, 90% corresponded to billboards and 14.7% presented marketing strategies. When classifying the foods advertised, 82% corresponded to the optional group of the GAPA.
Conclusions: More than 85% of the sales points were characterized as unhealthy and 82% of the advertised foods corresponded to unhealthy, categorized as the optional group of the GAPA. The study of school environments should be a tool for monitoring and evaluating policies that promote the right to adequate food.
Funding: Center for Urban Economic Studies (CEEU, EEyNN) of the National University of San Martin.
References
(1) Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social de la Nación. 2° Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud. Indicadores priorizados [Internet]. Buenos Aires: MSyDS; 2019. Disponible en: https://bancos.salud.gob.ar/recurso/2deg-encuesta-nacional-de-nutricion-y-salud-indicadores-priorizados.
(2) Banco de Recursos de Comunicación del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación | Encuesta Mundial de Salud Escolar 2018 - Resumen ejecutivo. [accedido 18 mayo 2023]. Disponible en: https://bancos.salud.gob.ar/recurso/encuesta-mundial-de-salud-escolar-2018-resumen-ejecutivo.
(3) Downs SM, Ahmed S, Fanzo J, Herforth A. Food Environment Typology: Advancing an Expanded Definition, Framework, and Methodological Approach for Improved Characterization of Wild, Cultivated, and Built Food Environments toward Sustainable Diets. Foods. 2020;9(4):532, doi: 10.3390/foods9040532.
(4) Lytle LA, Sokol RL. Measures of the food environment: A systematic review of the field, 2007–2015. Health Place. 2017;44:18-34, doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.12.007.
(5) Pérez-Ferrer C, Auchincloss AH, de Menezes MC, Kroker-Lobos MF, Cardoso L de O, Barrientos-Gutierrez T. The food environment in Latin America: a systematic review with a focus on environments relevant to obesity and related chronic diseases. Public Health Nutr. 2019;22(18):3447-64, doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002891.
(6) Pinheiro AC, Quintiliano-Scarpelli D, Flores JA, Álvarez C, Suárez-Reyes M, Palacios JL, et al. Food Availability in Different Food Environments Surrounding Schools in a Vulnerable Urban Area of Santiago, Chile: Exploring Socioeconomic Determinants. Foods. 2022;11(7):901, doi: 10.3390/foods11070901.
(7) Novaes TG, Mendes LL, Almeida LFF, Ribeiro AQ, Costa BV de L, Claro RM, et al. Availability of food stores around Brazilian schools. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2022;27:2373-83, doi: 10.1590/1413-81232022276.19372021.
(8) Vandevijvere S, Molloy J, Hassen de Medeiros N, Swinburn B. Unhealthy food marketing around New Zealand schools: a national study. Int J Public Health. 2018;63(9):1099-107, doi: 10.1007/s00038-018-1158-7.
(9) Velazquez CE, Daepp MIG, Black JL. Assessing exposure to food and beverage advertisements surrounding schools in Vancouver, BC. Health Place. 2019;58:102066, doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.12.007.
(10) Barquera S, Hernández-Barrera L, Rothenberg SJ, Cifuentes E The obesogenic environment around elementary schools: food and beverage marketing to children in two Mexican cities. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):461, doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5374-0.
(11) Richmond KJ, Watson WL, Hughes C, Kelly B. Children’s trips to school dominated by unhealthy food advertising in Sydney, Australia. Public Health Res Pract. 2020;30(1):3012005, doi: 10.17061/phrp3012005.
(12) Londoño-Cañola C, Serral G, Díez J, Martínez-García A, Franco M, Artazcoz L, Ariza C. Retail Food Environment around Schools in Barcelona by Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status: Implications for Local Food Policy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010649
(13) Kelly B, Cretikos M, Rogers K, King L. The commercial food landscape: outdoor food advertising around primary schools in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008;32(6):522-8, doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00303.x.
(14) Gutierrez LE, Elorriaga N, Gibbons L, Melendi S, Chaparro M, Calandrelli M, et al. Attributes of the food and physical activity built environments from the Southern Cone of Latin America. Sci Data. 2021;8(1):291, doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-01073-9.
(15) Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Encuesta Mundial de Salud Escolar 2012. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Dirección de Promoción de la Salud y Control de Enfermedades No Transmisibles, 2013. Disponible en: https://bancos.salud.gob.ar/recurso/encuesta-mundial-de-salud-escolar-2012.
(16) Piaggio L, Concilio C, Rolón M, Dupraz S. Alimentación infantil en el ámbito escolar: entre patios, aulas y comedores. Salud Colect. 2011;7(2):199-213.
(17) Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos. Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2022. Resultados provisionales/1a ed. [Internet]. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos - INDEC, 2023. Disponible en: https://www.indec.gob.ar/ftp/cuadros/poblacion/cnphv2022_resultados_provisionales.pdf
(18) Centro de Estudios Económicos Urbanos. Análisis Integral Territorial Partido de General San Martín. [Internet] San Martín: Universidad Nacional de San Martín; 2019. Disponible en: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h_Lm11NRw-vyqsXti8mL1NcgXPiPt2N5/view
(19) Kelly CM; Wilson JS; Baker EA; Miller DK; Schootman M. Using Google Street View to audit the built environment: Inter-rater reliability results. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2013; 1;45(suppl_1):S108-12.
(20) Silva V; Grande AJ; Rech CR; Peccin MS Geoprocessing via google maps for assessing obesogenic built environments related to physical activity and chronic noncommunicable diseases: Validity and reliability. J. Healthc. Eng. 2015, 6, 41–54.
(21) Rzotkiewicza A, Pearsona AL, B.V; D, Shortridgea A, Wilsonc N. Systematic review of the use of Google Street View in health research: Majorthemes, strengths, weaknesses and possibilities for future research. Health and Place. 2018;52:240-6
(22) Swinburn B, Sacks G, Vandevijvere S, Kumanyika S, Lobstein T, Neal B, et al. INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support): overview and key principles. Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2013;14 Suppl 1:1-12, doi: 10.1111/obr.12087.
(23) Egli V, Zinn C, Villanueva K, Smith M. Google Street View to Capture Outdoor Advertising Around Schools: Data Collection Protocol for External Use. Auckland University of Technology. Auckland, New Zealand. 2018:1-14.
(24) Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina. Documento técnico metodológico [Internet]. Buenos Aires: MSAL; 2016. Disponible en: https://cesni-biblioteca.org/guias-alimentarias-para-la-poblacion-argentina-documento-tecnico-metodologico/
(25) Peres CMDC, Costa BVDL, Pessoa MC, Honório OS, Carmo ASD, Silva TPRD, et al. O ambiente alimentar comunitário e a presença de pântanos alimentares no entorno das escolas de uma metrópole brasileira. Cad Saúde Pública. 2021;37(5):e00205120, doi: 10.1590/0102-311x00205120.
(26) Calvo Molina K, Fernández Rojas X, Flores Castro O, González Urrutia R, Madriz Bonilla D, Martínez Izaguirre A, et al. Factores obesogénicos en el entorno escolar público costarricense durante 2015-2016. Población y Salud en Mesoamérica. 2019;17(1):225-57, doi: 10.15517/psm.v17i1.37858.
(27) Velazquez CE, Black JL, Potvin Kent M Food and Beverage Marketing in Schools: A Review of the Evidence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(9):1054, doi: 10.3390/ijerph14091054.
(28) Ley 27642 de Promoción de Alimentación Saludable [Internet]. Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina; 2021. Disponible en: https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/252728.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Yamila Alejandra Diaz, Paula Gomez, Pamela Belén Meinardi, María Celeste Nessier
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This journal 