Relación entre la obesidad y el índice triglicéridos-glucosa en adultos: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.30.1.2642Palabras clave:
Obesidad, Índice triglicéridos-glucosa, Resistencia a la insulina, Síndrome metabólico, Revisión sistemáticaResumen
Introducción: El índice triglicéridos-glucosa (TyG) es un indicador con una fiabilidad potencialmente alta en la medición del riesgo metabólico en adultos con obesidad, por lo que el objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre la obesidad y el TyG en adultos.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020, con el protocolo registrado en PROSPERO (CRD420251134791). Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science (Core Collection) de estudios publicados entre enero de 2020 y julio de 2025 en inglés y español, utilizando términos basados en MeSH: («obesidad» O «sobrepeso» O «obesidad abdominal» O «adiposidad visceral») Y («índice triglicéridos-glucosa» O «índice TyG» O «TyG»). La calidad metodológica se evaluó con la escala de Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) y la certeza de la evidencia con GRADE.
Resultados: Se incluyeron catorce estudios observacionales (n = 115 458 participantes; 78,6 % Asia, 14,3 % América, 7,1 % Europa). Los valores de corte del TyG comunicados para identificar la obesidad oscilaron entre 8,7 y 9,1, y los valores más altos del TyG se asociaron de forma sistemática con una mayor probabilidad de obesidad (OR/HR 1,7-4,3, IC del 95 % cuando estaba disponible). La capacidad discriminatoria fue de moderada a alta (AUC 0,77-0,92). Los índices derivados del TyG (TyG-IMC, TyG-CC, TyG-WWI) mejoraron aún más la precisión predictiva. En todos los resultados, la certeza de la evidencia osciló entre baja y moderada debido a la heterogeneidad y los diseños observacionales.
Conclusiones: El índice TyG es un marcador válido y consistente de la resistencia a la insulina y la adiposidad, fuertemente asociado con la obesidad general, abdominal y sarcopénica. Su simplicidad y bajo coste respaldan su uso para la detección precoz y la estratificación del riesgo metabólico en entornos clínicos y de salud pública.
Palabras clave: Obesidad, Índice triglicéridos-glucosa, Resistencia a la insulina, Síndrome metabólico, Revisión sistemática.
Registro de protocolo: PROSPERO (CRD420251134791)
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