Bebidas azucaradas y mala calidad del sueño en adultos de entornos de recursos limitados en Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.30.1.2544Palabras clave:
Calidad del sueño, Dieta, Bebidas azucaradasResumen
Introducción: Describir la asociación entre el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y los patrones de sueño (calidad del sueño, somnolencia diurna y dificultades del sueño) en adultos en un entorno limitado de recursos.
Metodología: Se realizó un análisis secundario de un estudio poblacional, realizado en el norte del Perú. El consumo de bebidas azucaradas se evaluó usando un cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de alimentos. La calidad del sueño se evaluó con el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh; mientras que la somnolencia diurna se evaluó utilizando la escala Epworth, incluyéndose dificultades de sueño autoreportadas. Las asociaciones se evaluaron con análisis de regresión de Poisson multivariable, informando razones de prevalencia (RP) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%).
Resultados: Se analizaron datos de 1603 adultos, edad media 48.2 (desviación estándar [DE]: 10,6) años y 50,3% de mujeres. Un total de 17,9% informó el consumo de sodas al menos una vez a la semana, mientras que solo el 10,2% informó el consumo de jugo azucarado. La prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño, dificultades del sueño y somnolencia diurna fue del 19,4%, 38,6% y 6,5%, respectivamente. Se encontró que el consumo de soda estaba asociado con una calidad de sueño deficiente (RP= 1,33; IC 95%: 1,05–1,70) y somnolencia diurna (PR = 1,56; IC 95%: 1,02–2,37), mientras que el consumo de jugo azucarado se asoció sólo a dificultades de sueño (RP = 1,29; IC 95%: 1,08–1,55).
Conclusión: El consumo de sodas solo pero no el consumo de jugo azucarado se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de mala calidad del sueño y somnolencia diurna. El consumo de jugo azucarado se asoció con dificultades de sueño. Es necesario comprender mejor el papel de las bebidas azucaradas en los patrones de sueño y la salud.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Andrea Ruiz-Alejos, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz
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