La nutrición en el periodo preconcepcional y los resultados del embarazo: revisión bibliográfica y propuesta de intervención del Dietista-Nutricionista

Autores/as

  • Lucia Fernández Molina Investigadora independiente
  • Jose Miguel Soriano del Castillo Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Ciencias de la Alimentación, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia Grupo de investigación CIALBEX (Ciencias de la Alimentación Basadas en la Evidencia y la Experimentación), Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de los Materiales, Parque Científico de la Universidad de Valencia Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición y Dietética Clínica, Universidad de Valencia - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HUP La Fe
  • Jesús Blesa Jarque Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Ciencias de la Alimentación, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia Grupo de investigación CIALBEX (Ciencias de la Alimentación Basadas en la Evidencia y la Experimentación), Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de los Materiales, Parque Científico de la Universidad de Valencia Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición y Dietética Clínica, Universidad de Valencia - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HUP La Fe

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.20.1.143

Palabras clave:

Fisiología nutricional durante el embarazo, Embarazo, Resultados del embarazo, Intervención médica temprana, Intervención dietéticonutricional, Complementos alimenticios, Dieta, alimentos y nutrición

Resumen

El estado nutricional de la madre antes y durante el embarazo se constata en los últimos años como uno de los factores ambientales más influyentes en el desarrollo fetal. Este estudio se centra en las primeras fases del proceso de gestación o periodo periconcepcional: preconcepción, concepción, implantación, placentación y embriogénesis; puesto que representan un paso crítico en los resultados del embarazo. Tras una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de 66 investigaciones publicadas entre los años 1990 y 2015, fueron el zinc, el hierro, el yodo, los ácidos grasos omega-3, el ácido fólico y otras vitaminas del grupo B, los minerales y micronutrientes para los que se han encontrado mayor evidencia de una relación positiva con el desarrollo de la descendencia. Se propone en este estudio el planteamiento de una intervención dietética por parte del Dietista-Nutricionista, tanto individual como colectiva, en el periodo preconcepcional en las mujeres en edad fértil y/o con intenciones de embarazo, pudiéndose continuar dicha intervención en los periodos de gestación, lactancia, postparto e incluso en la descendencia, reportando beneficios a largo plazo y que probablemente se mantengan y manifiesten durante toda la vida del individuo.

Citas

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Publicado

2016-02-19

Cómo citar

Fernández Molina, L., Soriano del Castillo, J. M., & Blesa Jarque, J. (2016). La nutrición en el periodo preconcepcional y los resultados del embarazo: revisión bibliográfica y propuesta de intervención del Dietista-Nutricionista. Revista Española De Nutrición Humana Y Dietética, 20(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.20.1.143

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