Efecto reductor del colesterol de una margarina comercial en adultos con hipercolesterolemia: revisión de la literatura científica.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.17.1.5Palabras clave:
colesterol, esteroles vegetales, fitoesteroles, margarina, declaraciones de saludResumen
Introducción: la hipercolesterolemia es un problema creciente, responsable de una quinta parte de los episodios coronarios en España. Se considera que los Esteroles Vegetales (EV) podrían desempeñar un importante papel en su tratamiento.
Objetivo: Se revisa el papel de una gama de alimentos funcionales con EV añadidos (incluyendo los estudios específicos de la marca Flora pro•activ) en adultos que padecen hipercolesterolemia.
Métodos: se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura en la base de datos PubMed para localizar estudios en humanos que hayan evaluado el papel de Flora pro•activ o de alimentos enriquecidos en EV con una composición similar. Se ha consultado, asimismo, la base de datos de la Autoridad Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria (EFSA).
Resultados: Flora pro•activ ha demostrado en estudios científicos rigurosos disminuir el colesterol en adultos que padecen hipercolesterolemia. Bastaría con dos raciones diarias de Flora pro•activ (1,5 g de EV) para observar este efecto. La disminución del colesterol mediante Flora pro•activ (2 raciones/día) oscilará, tal y como señala la EFSA, entre el 7 y el 10%. Este efecto se observará tras 2-3 semanas. Su composición le permite realizar declaraciones de salud con respecto a la disminución del colesterol en el marco de la Unión Europea. La eficacia hipocolesterolemiante de alimentos enriquecidos con EV distintos a margarinas, mayonesas, aderezos para ensaladas y productos lácteos está poco investigada. Salvo en pocas excepciones, la utilización de alimentos enriquecidos con EV es segura.
Conclusiones: las actuales evidencias científicas justifican la promoción de la utilización de EV para disminuir el colesterol LDL en adultos que presentan hipercolesterolemia.
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