Recomendaciones para la validación de instrumentos que evalúan conducta alimentaria: una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.30.4.2783%20Palabras clave:
Conducta alimentaria, Psicometría, Estudios de validación, Reproducibilidad de resultados, InstrumentosResumen
Introducción: La conducta alimentaria es un constructo multidimensional cuya medición requiere instrumentos conceptualmente claros y psicométricamente sólidos. La validez y la confiabilidad son elementos esenciales, para sustentar la interpretación de los puntajes y su utilidad en investigación, clínica y salud pública. El objetivo de este artículo fue ofrecer una revisión narrativa que integra la delimitación conceptual operativa de la conducta alimentaria para facilitar su uso en el ámbito de las ciencias de la salud y los principales procedimientos metodológicos y estadísticos para evaluar la validez y la confiabilidad de los instrumentos diseñados para su medición.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa con búsqueda bibliográfica estructurada entre mayo y junio de 2025 en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, SciELO y Dialnet. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español (1985–2025) sobre desarrollo, adaptación cultural, validación o evaluación de confiabilidad de instrumentos relacionados con conducta alimentaria. Se priorizaron estudios sobre procesos metodológicos y/o validaciones de instrumentos.
Resultados: La información se organizó temáticamente según tres ejes: patrones de alimentación, procesos psicológicos/emocionales/sociales vinculados a la alimentación y conductas alimentarias disfuncionales. Se propone una clasificación de instrumentos por dimensión de la conducta alimentaria y se desarrolla un marco práctico para documentar evidencia de validez y confiabilidad, acompañado de una guía operativa y anexos suplementarios. Se sintetizan procedimientos de adaptación transcultural (traducción–retrotraducción), validez de contenido, validez aparente, evidencia basada en el proceso de respuesta (incluyendo “think aloud”), validez de constructo (varios métodos), validez de criterio (concurrente y predictiva), así como confiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal).
Conclusiones: Esta revisión narrativa sistematiza lineamientos metodológicos y presenta una guía operativa para seleccionar, adaptar y evaluar instrumentos que midan la conducta alimentaria con mayor rigor metodológico, favoreciendo la comparabilidad entre estudios y una interpretación más robusta de los resultados.
Financiación: Este trabajo no recibió financiación específica de agencias del sector público, comercial o sin fines de lucro.
Descargas
Citas
(1) Furr RM Psychometrics: an introduction. 4th. ed. Los Angeles London New Delhi Singapore Washington, DC Melbourne: SAGE Publications; 2022.
(2) Streiner DL, Norman GR, Cairney John Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use. Oxford University Press; 2024.
(3) Boateng GO, Neilands TB, Frongillo EA, Melgar-Quiñonez HR, Young SL Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer. Front Public Health. 2018;6:149, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149.
(4) Carmines EG, Zeller RA Reliability and Validity Assessment. SAGE Publications, Inc.; 1979.
(5) Nunnally JC, Bernstein, Ira H Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). [accedido 28 febrero 2026].
(6) DeVellis RF, Thorpe CT Scale Development: Theory and Applications. SAGE Publications; 2021.
(7) Contreras-Valdez JA, Freyre M-Á, Mendoza-Flores E The eating disorder examination questionnaire for adults from the Mexican general population: Reliability and validity. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(4):e0266507, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266507.
(8) Fischler, C. Selective Eating: The Rise, the Meaning and Sense of Personal Dietary Requirements (p. 1). Paris: Odile Jacob.; 2015.
(9) López-Espinoza A, Martinez-Moreno AG, Aguilera-Cervantes VG, Salazar-Estrada JG, Navarro-Meza M, Reyes-Castillo Z, et al. Study and research of feeding behavior: Roots, development and challenges / Estudio e investigación del comportamiento alimentario: Raíces, desarrollo y retos. Rev Mex Trastor Aliment. 2018;9(1):107-18, doi: 10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2018.1.465.
(10) Hunot-Alexander C, Arellano-Gómez LP Conducta alimentaria y apetito. Modificación de la conducta alimentaria - Libro 1. Claudia Hunot-Alexander, Saby Camacho-López, Laura P Arrellano-Gómez, Leyna P López-Torres, Mariana C Orellana-Haro. Guadalajara, México: Ediciones de la Noche; 2024. p. 28-43.
(11) Santos JL, Ho-Urriola JA, González A, Smalley SV, Domínguez-Vásquez P, Cataldo R, et al. Association between eating behavior scores and obesity in Chilean children. Nutr J. 2011;10(1):108, doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-108.
(12) Harrold JA, Dovey TM, Blundell JE, Halford JCG CNS regulation of appetite. Neuropharmacology. 2012;63(1):3-17, doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.01.007.
(13) Pérez-Flores, Lorena Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo y Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria. Modificación de la conducta alimentaria - Libro 1. Ediciones de la Noche; 2024. p. 24-7.
(14) Furst T, Connors M, Bisogni CA, Sobal J, Falk LW Food Choice: A Conceptual Model of the Process. Appetite. 1996;26(3):247-66, doi: 10.1006/appe.1996.0019.
(15) Sobal J, Bisogni CA Constructing Food Choice Decisions. Ann Behav Med. 2009;38(suppl_1):s37-46, doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9124-5.
(16) World Health Organization (WHO) Global Scales for Early Development v1.0. Adaptation and translation guide. World Health Organization; 2023.
(17) van Strein, Tatjana, Frijters, Jan E. R., Bergers, Gerard P. A., Defares, Peter B The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. Int J Eat Disord. 1986;5(2):295-315, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-TDigital Object Identifier (DOI).
(18) Jáuregui-Lobera I, García-Cruz P, Carbonero-Carreño R, Magallares A, Ruiz-Prieto I Psychometric Properties of Spanish Version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (Tfeq-Sp) and Its Relationship with Some Eating- and Body Image-Related Variables. Nutrients. 2014;6(12):5619-35, doi: 10.3390/nu6125619.
(19) Peláez-Fernández, María Angeles, Labrador, Francisco Javier, Raich, Rosa María Validation of Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) –Spanish Version– for Screening Eating Disorders. Span J Psychol. 2013;15(2).
(20) Garcia-Campayo J, Sanz-Carrillo C, Ibañez JA, Lou S, Solano V, Alda M Validation of the Spanish version of the SCOFF questionnaire for the screening of eating disorders in primary care. J Psychosom Res. 2005;59(2):51-5, doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.06.005.
(21) Rivas T, Bersabé R, Jiménez M, Berrocal C The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26): Reliability and Validity in Spanish Female Samples. Span J Psychol. 2010;13(2):1044-56, doi: 10.1017/S1138741600002687.
(22) Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Gearhardt AN, Agüera Z, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, et al. Validation of the Spanish Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and Clinical Correlates in a Sample of Eating Disorder, Gambling Disorder, and Healthy Control Participants. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00208.
(23) Hsu C-C, Sandford BA The Delphi Technique: Making Sense of Consensus. Pract Assess Res Eval. 2007;12(1), doi: 10.7275/pdz9-th90.
(24) Phoi YY, Bonham MP, Rogers M, Dorrian J, Coates AM Content Validation of a Chrononutrition Questionnaire for the General and Shift Work Populations: A Delphi Study. Nutrients. 2021;13(11), doi: 10.3390/nu13114087.
(25) Bernal-Orozco MF, Salmeron-Curiel PB, Prado-Arriaga RJ, Orozco-Gutiérrez JF, Badillo-Camacho N, Márquez-Sandoval F, et al. Second Version of a Mini-Survey to Evaluate Food Intake Quality (Mini-ECCA v.2): Reproducibility and Ability to Identify Dietary Patterns in University Students. Nutrients. 2020;12(3), doi: 10.3390/nu12030809.
(26) Gil-Barrera AS, Hunot-Alexander C, Chávez-Palencia C, González-Toribio J, Casillas-Toral E, Álvarez-Zaragoza DC, et al. Appetitive Traits and Dietary Patterns in Mexican Children Aged 12 to 36 Months. Nutrients. 2025;17(11), doi: 10.3390/nu17111814.
(27) Hunot C, Fildes A, Croker H, Llewellyn CH, Wardle J, Beeken RJ Appetitive traits and relationships with BMI in adults: Development of the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Appetite. 2016;105:356-63, doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.05.024.
(28) Fox MC, Ericsson KA, Best R Do procedures for verbal reporting of thinking have to be reactive? A meta-analysis and recommendations for best reporting methods. Psychol Bull. 2011;137(2):316-44, doi: 10.1037/a0021663.
(29) Banna JC, Vera Becerra LE, Kaiser LL, Townsend MS Using Qualitative Methods to Improve Questionnaires for Spanish Speakers: Assessing Face Validity of a Food Behavior Checklist. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110(1):80-90, doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.10.002.
(30) Hunot-Alexander C, Arellano-Gómez LP, Smith AD, Kaufer-Horwitz M, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Romero-Velarde E, et al. Examining the validity and consistency of the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-Español (AEBQ-Esp) and its relationship to BMI in a Mexican population. Eat Weight Disord - Stud Anorex Bulim Obes. 2022;27(2):651-63, doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01201-9.
(31) Hunot-Alexander C, Curiel-Curiel CP, Romero-Velarde E, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Mariscal-Rizo A, Casillas-Toral E, et al. Intergenerational transmission of appetite: Associations between mother-child dyads in a Mexican population. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(3):e0264493, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264493.
(32) Hunot-Alexander C, Beeken RJ, Goodman W, Fildes A, Croker H, Llewellyn C, et al. Confirmation of the Factor Structure and Reliability of the ‘Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire’ in an Adolescent Sample. Front Psychol. 2019;10, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01991.
(33) Hunot-Alexander C, González-Toribio J, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Larrosa-Haro A, Casillas-Toral E, Curiel-Curiel CP Validity and Reliability of the Baby and Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Toddler Version (BEBQ-Mex and CEBQ-T-Mex) in a Low Sociodemographic Sample Recruited in a Mexican Hospital. Behav Sci. 2021;11(12), doi: 10.3390/bs11120168.
(34) Denova-Gutiérrez E, Ramírez-Silva I, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Jiménez-Aguilar A, Shamah-Levy T, Rivera-Dommarco JA, et al. Validity of a food frequency questionnaire to assess food intake in Mexican adolescent and adult population. Salud Pública México. 2016;58(6):617-28, doi: 10.21149/spm.v58i6.7862.
(35) Cebolla A, Barrada JR, van Strien T, Oliver E, Baños R Validation of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) in a sample of Spanish women. Appetite. 2014;73:58-64, doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.10.014.
(36) Castillo-Rangel I, Jiménez S, Unikel-Santoncini C Parenting and Feeding Styles and Parents’ Body Mass Index as Predictors of Body Mass Index and Disordered Eating Behaviors in Mexican Children. Nutrients. 2025;17(17), doi: 10.3390/nu17172797.
(37) Clausen L, Rosenvinge JH, Friborg O, Rokkedal K Validating the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3): A Comparison Between 561 Female Eating Disorders Patients and 878 Females from the General Population. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2011;33(1):101-10, doi: 10.1007/s10862-010-9207-4.
(38) Cohen TR, Kakinami L, Plourde H, Hunot-Alexander C, Beeken RJ Concurrent Validity of the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire in a Canadian Sample. Front Psychol. 2021;12, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.779041.
(39) Sanchez-Armass O, Raffaelli M, Andrade FCD, Wiley AR, Noyola ANM, Arguelles AC, et al. Validation of the SCOFF questionnaire for screening of eating disorders among Mexican university students. Eat Weight Disord - Stud Anorex Bulim Obes. 2017;22(1):153-60, doi: 10.1007/s40519-016-0259-7.
(40) Aljahdali AA, Peterson KE, Cantoral A, Ruiz-Narvaez E, Tellez-Rojo MM, Kim HM, et al. Diet Quality Scores and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Mexican Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14(4), doi: 10.3390/nu14040896.
(41) Pikatza-Huerga A, Las Hayas C, Zulaika U, Almeida A Predictive assessment of eating disorder risk and recovery: Uncovering the effectiveness of questionnaires and influencing characteristics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2025;28:118-27, doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.03.048.
(42) Mihov Y, Meyer AH, Kakebeeke TH, Stülb K, Arhab A, Zysset AE, et al. Child eating behavior predicts body mass index after 1 year: results from the Swiss Preschooler’s Health Study (SPLASHY). Front Psychol. 2024;15:1292939, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1292939.
(43) Hazzard VM, Telke SE, Simone M, Anderson LM, Larson NI, Neumark-Sztainer D Intuitive eating longitudinally predicts better psychological health and lower use of disordered eating behaviors: findings from EAT 2010-2018. Eat Weight Disord EWD. 2021;26(1):287-94, doi: 10.1007/s40519-020-00852-4.
(44) Tylka TL, Kroon Van Diest AM The Intuitive Eating Scale–2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. J Couns Psychol. 2013;60(1):137-53, doi: 10.1037/a0030893.
(45) Flores-Quijano ME, Mota-González C, Rozada G, León-Rico JC, Gómez-López ME, Vega-Sánchez R The Intuitive Eating Scale-2 Adapted for Mexican Pregnant Women: Psychometric Properties and Influence of Sociodemographic Variables. Nutrients. 2023;15(22), doi: 10.3390/nu15224837.
(46) Márquez-Sandoval YF Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar el comportamiento alimentario en estudiantes mexicanos del área de la salud. Nutr Hosp. 2014;(1):153-64, doi: 10.3305/nh.2014.30.1.7451.
(47) Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, Littman AJ, Zeliadt S, Benitez D Development and Validation of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(8):1439-44, doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006.
(48) Llewellyn CH, van Jaarsveld CHM, Johnson L, Carnell S, Wardle J Development and factor structure of the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in the Gemini birth cohort. Appetite. 2011;57(2):388-96, doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.324.
(49) Unikel-Santoncini C, Bojórquez-Chapela I, Carreño-García S Validación de un cuestionario breve para medir conductas alimentarias de riesgo. Salud Pública México. 2004;46(6):509-15, doi: 10.1590/S0036-36342004000600005.
(50) Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, Rapoport L Development of the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42(7):963-70, doi: 10.1017/S0021963001007727.
(51) Bjørklund O, Wichstrøm L, Llewellyn C, Steinsbekk S Validation of the adult eating behavior questionnaire in a Norwegian sample of adolescents. Appetite. 2024;192:107116, doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107116.
(52) Kolind MEI, Windedal TM, Andersen BV, Ryg ND, Berg-Beckhoff G, Juhl CB Validity and Reliability of the Danish Version of the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire—Results from the South Danish Obesity Initiative. Nutrients. 2025;17(24), doi: 10.3390/nu17243824.
(53) Vyncke K, Fernandez EC, Fajó-Pascual M, Cuenca-García M, Keyzer WD, Gonzalez-Gross M, et al. Validation of the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents by comparison with biomarkers, nutrient and food intakes: the HELENA study. Br J Nutr. 2013;109(11):2067-78, doi: 10.1017/S000711451200414X.
(54) Verger EO, Mariotti F, Holmes BA, Paineau D, Huneau J-F Evaluation of a Diet Quality Index Based on the Probability of Adequate Nutrient Intake (PANDiet) Using National French and US Dietary Surveys. PLOS ONE. 2012;7(8):e42155, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042155.
(55) Wang H, Herforth AW, Xi B, Zou Z Validation of the Diet Quality Questionnaire in Chinese Children and Adolescents and Relationship with Pediatric Overweight and Obesity. Nutrients. 2022;14(17), doi: 10.3390/nu14173551.
(56) Kliemann N, Beeken RJ, Wardle J, Johnson F Development and validation of the Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire for adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13(1):87, doi: 10.1186/s12966-016-0414-6.
(57) Mond JM, Hay PJ, Rodgers B, Owen C, Beumont PJV Validity of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in screening for eating disorders in community samples. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42(5):551-67, doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00161-X.
(58) Rueda GE, Díaz LA, Campo A, Barros JA, Ávila GC, Oróstegui LT, et al. Validation of the SCOFF questionnaire for screening of eating disorders in university women. Biomédica. 2005;25(2):196-202.
(59) Hernández-Ponce L, Pardo-Pacheco BR, Calzada-Mendoza CC, González-Guzmán OP, Aguilar-Maciel S, Vargas-De-León C [Validation of the Emotional Eating Questionnaire in Mexican adults with overweight and obesity]. Nutr Hosp. 2025;43(3):493-9, doi: 10.20960/nh.05490.
(60) Hernández-González O, Andrade-Pineda JE, Osorio-Granjeno MC Validez y confiabilidad del Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R) en población mexicana: un estudio instrumental. Aten Fam. 2022;30(1):21-6.
(61) Clementi C, Casu G, Gremigni P An Abbreviated Version of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2017;49(4):352-356.e1, doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.016.
(62) Field A Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. SAGE Publications; 2024.
(63) Viladrich C, Angulo-Brunet A, Doval E Un viaje alrededor de alfa y omega para estimar la fiabilidad de consistencia interna. An Psicol. 2017;33(3):755, doi: 10.6018/analesps.33.3.268401.
Descargas
Archivos adicionales
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2020 Claudia Hunot Alexander, Leyna Priscila López Torres, Patricia Curiel-Curiel, Jocelyn González Toribio
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Esta revista ha conseguido la validación para ser 