Consumo de alimentos, composición corporal y rendimiento físico en hombres y mujeres jóvenes judadores de fútbol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.25.S1.1398Palabras clave:
Conducta Alimentaria, Composición Corporal, Evaluación Nutricional, Ejercicio Físico, Fútbol, Caracteres Sexuales.Resumen
Introducción: Pocos estudios han sido encontrados donde se analicen los hábitos nutricionales, la composición corporal y la condición física de jóvenes futbolistas entre diferentes categorías y diferenciando entre chicos y chicas. Por tanto, el objetivo fue analizar las diferencias en los hábitos de consumo de alimentos, los parámetros de composición corporal y el rendimiento físico en jóvenes futbolistas.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal durante la temporada competitiva 2019-2020. Cuarenta y ocho futbolistas (16-18 años) fueron clasificados por edad y sexo en tres grupos: menores de 16 y menores de 18 años masculinos (U16 y U18), y menores de 16 años féminas (U16 femenino). Se recogieron variables de hábitos alimentarios, antropometría, composición corporal y rendimiento físico. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza de (ANOVA) de un factor con post hoc de Bonferroni.
Resultados: Observamos que las chicas U16 consumieron menos carne de cerdo y pan y más moluscos y mariscos que los chicos (p<0,05). Los chicos U16 consumieron menos frutas (p<0,05) y más aceite de oliva (p<0,05) que las chicas U16 y tuvieron menor masa muscular en miembros inferiores que los chicos U18 (p <0,05, ES=0,80-0,96); los chicos mostraron mayor masa muscular en miembros inferiores (p <0,01, ES=1,80-2,59) y menor porcentaje de grasa que las chicas (p<0,01, ES=1,73); y los chicos U18 presentaron mayor peso que las chicas (p<0,01, ES=1,64). Los chicos U18 mostraron mejores rendimientos (p<0,05-0,01, ES=0,90-1,38) en pruebas de sprint máximo (40 m de longitud), salto en contramovimiento (CMJ) y CMJ con pierna dominante, saltos horizontales bilaterales máximos (HJ), HJ con pierna dominante y no dominante que los chicos U16. Los chicos mostraron mejores resultados en los esprints (LSST, p<0,05; ES=1,66-5,16), el cambio de dirección (CODA, p<0,05; ES = 2,82-5,46) y los saltos (p<0,05; ES=1,60-4,12).
Conclusión: En conclusión, se observaron diferencias por sexo y edad en las prácticas dietéticas y los parámetros de composición corporal en los jóvenes futbolistas. Además, mejor rendimiento físico a medida que aumentaba la edad, excepto para el CODA. Los chicos exhibieron mejores rendimientos en LSST, CODA y saltos que las chicas.
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Derechos de autor 2020 María Soto-Célix, Silvia Sánchez-Díaz, Daniel Castillo, Javier Raya-González, Marta Domínguez-Díez, Ángel Lago-Rodríguez, Tara Rendo-Urteaga
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